There are several significant details that I would like to tell you in advance中的that I would like to tell you in advance 是定语从句,引导词that作tell的直接宾语,tell sb sth。定语从句的引导词在定语从句中充当一定的成分(作主语同位语从句和定语从句、宾语、定语、状语),而同位语从句的引导词在从句中不充当成分,其前面的词往往是idea/opinion/suggestion/advice/ view/news等,同位语从句所表示的是观点、建议、新闻的具体内容,从句与前面的idea等是同位关系,不存在修饰与被修饰、限制与被限制的关系。再看 Do you agree with the idea that/which I came up with yesterday?(定语从句) Do you agree with the idea that we should finish the work in two days?(同位语从句) 希望我的回答可以帮到你!
什么是同位语同位语从句?同位的意思是地位等同。和同位语地位等同的句子成分是名词,所以被同位的只可能是主语,宾语和表语。 例如上句Our new teacher 就是Mr. Wang的同位语,下句的Rome Holiday就是the movie的同位语。它们之间地位是等同的。去掉任何一个,句意完整。 同位语从句便是以整个句子作为某个名词或代词的同位语。 最著名的同位语应该是马丁路德金的I have a dream that …, that后面的一大串,都是梦想的具体内容。 同位语从句的结构身为名词性从句之一,同位语从句可以是陈述句,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。 陈述句作同位语 The fact that Chinese people are hard working is known to all. 众所周知,中国人民是勤劳的。 同位语从句Chinese people are hard working是the fact的具体内容。 一般疑问句作同位语 I am still thinking about the problem that whether Santa Clause has come. I did not receive any presents. 我仍然在想今年圣诞老人到底来没来的问题,我没收到任何礼物。 同位语从句whether Santa Claus has come是the problem的具体内容。 特殊疑问句作同位语 同位语从句并不一定和它解释的词语在一起。有时会后置,比如这句名言,就是后置了同位语从句: 正常语序that应该在truth之后。 与定语从句的区别被解释名词和其同位语之间是同位关系,地位是平等的。=。而定语从句先行词和从句之间是修饰关系,地位是先行词是主,定语从句是辅。 下面用一组相似的句子对比其区别。 同样结构的句子,为什么上句是同位语从句,下面是定语从句?因为上面的从句和the news是对等的关系。砍掉the news,同位语从句自己当主语也行。下面的定语从句和the news是修饰关系,砍掉the news后句子不完整。
一同位语和定语的区别、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. (同位语从句) 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging.(定语从句) 你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。 2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. (同位语从句) 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.(定语从句) 值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。 二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处 1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. (从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。) The news that you told us is really encouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。) 2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。 e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. (that 不充当任何成分) 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。) 3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,故不能用which替换;而that引导定语从句时是代词,常可以和另一关系代词which替换。 e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. (that不可换为which) The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.(第一个that可换为which,第二个不行,因为它引导的是表语从句。) 4、引导同位语从句关连词,除that外,还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词;而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。 e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. There is no proof whether he was killed by others. 不定式做同位语和定语如何区分 不定式做定语时与其所修饰的名词通常是主谓或动宾关系。例如:The next train to arrive was from Beijing. 下一列到站的火车是从北京开来的。(主谓关系) It was a game to remember. 那是一场令人难忘的球赛。(动宾关系) 不定式做同位语时只是去解释前面名词的内容,绝无上述两种关系。例如:He gave the order to start the attack. 他下达了开始进攻的命令。(to start …与the order 同位)